Sunan at-Tirmithiy كتاب الصلاة باب منه [ مواقيت الصلاة ]
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِىُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَلِىِّ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَلاَّدِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ الزُّرَقِىِّ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بَيْنَمَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ فِى الْمَسْجِدِ يَوْمًا قَالَ رِفَاعَةُ وَنَحْنُ مَعَهُ إِذْ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ كَالْبَدَوِىِّ فَصَلَّى فَأَخَفَّ صَلاَتَهُ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَى النَّبِىِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ النَّبِىُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَعَلَيْكَ فَارْجِعْ فَصَلِّ فَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تُصَلِّ. فَرَجَعَ فَصَلَّى ثُمَّ جَاءَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ وَعَلَيْكَ فَارْجِعْ فَصَلِّ فَإِنَّكَ لَمْ تُصَلِّ. فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلاَثًا كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يَأْتِى النَّبِىَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَيُسَلِّمُ عَلَى النَّبِىِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَيَقُولُ النَّبِىُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَعَلَيْكَ فَارْجِعْ فَصَلِّ فَإِنَّكَ لَمْتُصَلِّ. فَخَافَ النَّاسُ وَكَبُرَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَنْ أَخَفَّ صَلاَتَهُ لَمْ يُصَلِّ فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ فِى آخِرِ ذَلِكَ فَأَرِنِى وَعَلِّمْنِى فَإِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ أُصِيبُ وَأُخْطِئُ. فَقَالَ أَجَلْ إِذَا قُمْتَ إِلَى الصَّلاَةِ فَتَوَضَّأْ كَمَا أَمَرَكَ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ تَشَهَّدْ وَأَقِمْ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَكَ قُرْآنٌ فَاقْرَأْ وَإِلاَّ فَاحْمَدِ اللَّهَ وَكَبِّرْهُ وَهَلِّلْهُ ثُمَّ ارْكَعْ فَاطْمَئِنَّ رَاكِعًا ثُمَّ اعْتَدِلْ قَائِمًا ثُمَّ اسْجُدْ فَاعْتَدِلْ سَاجِدًا ثُمَّ اجْلِسْ فَاطْمَئِنَّ جَالِسًا ثُمَّ قُمْ فَإِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ تَمَّتْ صَلاَتُكَ وَإِنِ انْتَقَصْتَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا انْتَقَصْتَ مِنْ صَلاَتِكَ. قَالَ وَكَانَ هَذَا أَهْوَنَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الأَوَّلِ أَنَّهُ مَنِ انْتَقَصَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا انْتَقَصَ مِنْ صَلاَتِهِ وَلَمْ تَذْهَبْ كُلُّهَا. قَالَ وَفِى الْبَابِ عَنْ أَبِى هُرَيْرَةَ وَعَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ. قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ رِفَاعَةَ بْنِ رَافِعٍ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ. وَقَدْ رُوِىَ عَنْ رِفَاعَةَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ.
While the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, was sitting with his companions in the mosque one day, a man who looked like a Bedouin came in. He prayed swiftly then greeted the Prophet peace and blessings of God be upon him, who returned the greeting and said, "Go back and pray for you have not prayed." The Bedouin went back and prayed, then returned, and greeted the Prophet. The Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, greeted him back and said, "Go back and pray for you have not prayed." He did that two or three times; each time he would come and greet the Prophet, and the Prophet would return the greeting and say, "Go back and pray for you have not prayed." People (1) became alarmed and were distressed [by the fact] that if a prayer is performed quickly, it would not be accepted. The man finally said, "Then show me and teach me for indeed I am human, I do right and I do wrong." The Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, said, "Indeed. When you get up to pray, perform ablution as God commanded you to do, perform the call to prayer and then perform the prayer. If you have memorized some Qur'ān, recite it or praise God, testify to His Greatness, and bear witness that there is no god except He. Then, bow down and settle in your bow, then stand up straight (3), then prostrate and settle in your prostration, then sit up and settle in your sitting position and get up [to start the next unit of prayer]. If you do that, your prayer is complete; if you leave out any part of it, your prayer will be deficient." This was easier on the Companions than the first [statement made by the Prophet] (4) for it meant that whoever left out a component of the prayer would have that deficiency in his prayer but the whole prayer would not be invalid.
(1) The Companions who were sitting in the mosque and witnessing this incident. (2) The opening chapter of the Qur'ān (al-Fāti ḥah) must be recited in every unit of prayer, and an additional section of Qur'ān may be recited afterwards. (3) Similarly, until your bones in your have settled. (4) "Go back and pray for you have not prayed"
