Sunan at-Tirmithiy كتاب الوصايا باب ما جاء لا وصية لوارث
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِىُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ وَهَنَّادٌ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ حَدَّثَنَا شُرَحْبِيلُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الْخَوْلاَنِىُّ عَنْ أَبِى أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِىِّ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِى خُطْبَتِهِ عَامَ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِى حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ فَلاَ وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ الْوَلَدُ لِلْفِرَاشِ وَلِلْعَاهِرِ الْحَجَرُ وَحِسَابُهُمْ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَمَنِ ادَّعَى إِلَى غَيْرِ أَبِيهِ أَوِ انْتَمَى إِلَى غَيْرِ مَوَالِيهِ فَعَلَيْهِ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ التَّابِعَةُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ لاَ تُنْفِقُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا. قِيلَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَلاَ الطَّعَامَ قَالَ ذَلِكَ أَفْضَلُ أَمْوَالِنَا. ثُمَّ قَالَ الْعَارِيَةُ مُؤَدَّاةٌ وَالْمِنْحَة ُمَرْدُودَةٌ وَالدَّيْنُ مَقْضِىٌّ وَالزَّعِيمُ غَارِمٌ. قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَفِى الْبَابِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ خَارِجَةَ وَأَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ. وَهُوَ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ وَقَدْ رُوِىَ عَنْ أَبِى أُمَامَةَ عَنِ النَّبِىِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِنْ غَيْرِ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ. وَرِوَايَةُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ وَأَهْلِ الْحِجَازِ لَيْسَ بِذَلِكَ فِيمَا تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ لأَنَّهُ رَوَى عَنْهُمْ مَنَاكِيرَ وَرِوَايَتُهُ عَنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ أَصَحُّ هَكَذَا قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ. قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ الْحَسَنِ يَقُولُ قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ أَصْلَحُ حَدِيثًا مِنْ بَقِيَّةَ وَلِبَقِيَّةَ أَحَادِيثُ مَنَاكِيرُ عَنِ الثِّقَاتِ. وَسَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ زَكَرِيَّا بْنَ عَدِىٍّ يَقُولُ قَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْفَزَارِىُّ خُذُوا عَنْ بَقِيَّةَ مَا حَدَّثَ عَنِ الثِّقَاتِ وَلاَ تَأْخُذُوا عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ مَا حَدَّثَ عَنِ الثِّقَاتِ وَلاَ عَنْ غَيْرِ الثِّقَاتِ.
The Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, in his sermon in the year of the Farewell pilgrimage, said, "Indeed, God has granted every rightful person their rights, thus, there is no bequest to an heir. A child's paternity is determined by the [marital] bed, while an adulterer has only stones (1) and all are accountable to God. Whoever claims paternity from someone other than his (2) father or ascribes to those other than his manumitters (3), is eternally cursed by God, until the Day of Resurrection. A wife is not to spend from her husband's property without his permission." He was asked, "Messenger of God, not even food?" He replied, "That is the best of our wealth." Then he added, "Loans must be repaid, grants must be returned, debts must be paid off and guarantors are liable."
(1) Scholars differed over whether this means that an adulterer is entitled to nothing (stones) or whether it means punishment by stoning. (2) Masculine pronouns are generally used in Arabic as a means for referring to both men and women when the meaning is left general and is not otherwise specified. (3) Slavery existed throughout the known world at the time of the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him. Islām encouraged freeing slaves and gave them certain rights as members of the household.
