ḤADĪTH OF THE DAY

“ Al- Ḥakam Ibnul-A'raj said, "I came to Ibn-'Abbās , who he was bolstered on his cloak at Zamzam, and said, 'Tell me which day is the Day of 'Āshūrā' (2) so that I fast it.' He replied, 'When you see the crescent (3) of [the month of] Muharram, count [the days] then begin fasting from the ninth day (4).' I asked, 'Is this how Muhammad, peace and blessings of God be upon him, used to fast ['Āshūrā']?' He confirmed, 'yes.'" Footnotes: 1. The well located in the vicinity of the Sanctified House of God, the Ka'bah, where the prophet Ishmael's mother, Hagar, found water under her son's feet. The well produces water to this day. 2. The day on which prophet Moses used to fast to give thanks to God for saving the Children of Israel from their enemy. Fasting on the Day of 'Ashūrā' is optional. However, the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, said that the reward for fasting on that day is the expiation of sins committed during the year leading up to it. 3. The appearance of the crescent signals the beginning of the month. 4. The majority of scholars consider the Day of 'Āshūrā' to be the tenth of Muharram. Ibn-'Abbās also narrated another hadīth clearly identifying the tenth of Muharram as the Day of Āshūrā'. However, the Jews of Madīnah used to fast on that day long before the arrival of the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him. In order to distinguish the Muslims from them, the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, decided to fast an extra day the following year; only he did not live long enough to do so. In which case, he would indeed have started to fast the morning of the ninth of Muharram, as indicated by Ibn-'Abbās. ”

Sunan at-Tirmithiy كتاب الصلاة باب ما جاء فى بدء الأذان

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ الأُمَوِىُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِى حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ التَّيْمِىِّ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ لَمَّا أَصْبَحْنَا أَتَيْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِالرُّؤْيَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذِهِ لَرُؤْيَا حَقٍّ فَقُمْ مَعَ بِلاَلٍ فَإِنَّهُ أَنْدَى وَأَمَدُّ صَوْتًا مِنْكَ فَأَلْقِ عَلَيْهِ مَا قِيلَ لَكَ وَلْيُنَادِ بِذَلِكَ. قَالَ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ نِدَاءَ بِلاَلٍ بِالصَّلاَةِ خَرَجَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُوَ يَجُرُّ إِزَارَهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَالَّذِى بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ الَّذِى قَالَ. قَالَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ فَذَلِكَ أَثْبَتُ. قَالَ وَفِى الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ. قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ. وَقَدْ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ أَتَمَّ مِنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَأَطْوَلَ وَذَكَرَفِيهِ قِصَّةَ الأَذَانِ مَثْنَى مَثْنَى وَالإِقَامَةِ مَرَّةً مَرَّةً. وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زَيْدٍ هُوَابْنُ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ وَيُقَالُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ رَبٍّ وَلاَ نَعْرِفُ لَهُ عَنِ النَّبِىِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم شَيْئًا يَصِحُّ إِلاَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ الْوَاحِدَ فِىالأَذَانِ. وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ الْمَازِنِىُّ لَهُ أَحَادِيثُ عَنِ النَّبِىِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُوَ عَمُّ عَبَّادِ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ.
Now that it was morning, we came to the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, and I informed him about the vision (the dream about the call to prayer). Whereupon he said, "Indeed, this is surely a true vision. So go with Bilāl, as his voice is more pleasant and resounding than yours, and recite to him what has been said to you, and let him use it to call (to prayer)." When Umar Ibnul-Khattāb heard Bilāl's call to prayer, he came out to the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, dragging his lower garment (in haste) and said, "Messenger of God! By Him who has sent you with the truth, I've had a vision similar to what he has said." So the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him said, "To God is all praise, for that is better (as the wording has been confirmed from a different source)."