Sunan at-Tirmithiy كتاب الوصايا باب ما جاء فى الوصية بالثلث
حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِى عُمَرَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِىِّ عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِى وَقَّاصٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ مَرِضْتُ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ مَرَضًا أَشْفَيْتُ مِنْهُ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ فَأَتَانِى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَعُودُنِى فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ لِى مَالاً كَثِيرًا وَلَيْسَ يَرِثُنِى إِلاَّ ابْنَتِى أَفَأُوصِى بِمَالِى كُلِّهِ قَالَ لاَ. قُلْتُ فَثُلُثَىْ مَالِى قَالَ لاَ. قُلْتُ فَالشَّطْرُ قَالَ لاَ. قُلْتُ فَالثُّلُثُ قَالَ الثُّلُثُ وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَدَعْ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَدَعَهُمْ عَالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ وَإِنَّكَ لَنْ تُنْفِقَ نَفَقَةً إِلاَّ أُجِرْتَ فِيهَا حَتَّى اللُّقْمَةَ تَرْفَعُهَا إِلَى فِى امْرَأَتِكَ. قَالَ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أُخَلَّفُ عَنْ هِجْرَتِى قَالَ إِنَّكَ لَنْ تُخَلَّفَ بَعْدِى فَتَعْمَلَ عَمَلاً تُرِيدُ بِهِ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ إِلاَّ ازْدَدْتَ بِهِ رِفْعَةً وَدَرَجَةً وَلَعَلَّكَ أَنْ تُخَلَّفَ حَتَّى يَنْتَفِعَ بِكَ أَقْوَامٌ وَيُضَرَّ بِكَ آخَرُونَ اللَّهُمَّ أَمْضِ لأَصْحَابِى هِجْرَتَهُمْ وَلاَ تَرُدَّهُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ لَكِنِ الْبَائِسُ سَعْدُ ابْنُ خَوْلَةَ يَرْثِى لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنْ مَاتَ بِمَكَّةَ. قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَفِى الْبَابِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ وَقَدْ رُوِىَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ غَيْرِ وَجْهٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِى وَقَّاصٍ. وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يُوصِىَ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ وَقَدِ اسْتَحَبَّ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنْ يَنْقُصَ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ.
Sa‘d Ibn-Abī-Waqqāṣ said, "I became very ill during the year of The Conquest [of Makkah] (1), and I was on the brink of death. The Messenger, peace and blessings of God be upon him, came to visit me and I asked him, ‘Messenger of God, I have a considerable wealth, and I do not have any heirs other than my daughter. Should I bequeath all of my wealth [to charity]?’ He replied, ‘No.’ 'Two-thirds of my wealth, then?’ I asked. He replied, ‘No.’ ‘So, half of my wealth?’ I asked. He replied, ‘No.’ So, I asked, ‘One-third?’ He replied, ‘One-third; and one-third is a lot. Leaving your inheritors with wealth is certainly better than leaving them dependant and begging from others. Indeed, you do not spend anything [for the sake of God] without being rewarded for it, even [if it is] a morsel that you put in your wife’s mouth.’ I lamented, ‘Messenger of God, I will be left behind after my hijrah.'(2) He replied, ‘Indeed, staying behind after me, doing [good] deeds for the sake of God, will only elevate you and raise you in rank. Perhaps you are being left behind so that some people will benefit from you and others will be harmed by you. O God, complete the hijrah of my Companions and do not turn them back on their heels.' However, the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, lamented the wretched Sa‘d Ibn-Khawlah who died in Makkah [before migrating to Madīnah]." (3)
(1) Most scholars agree that the narrator meant The Farewell Pilgrimage of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, not the year of The Conquest of Makkah because the narrator had no children at that time. (2) The migration from Makkah to Madīnah. In this instance it refers to the return to Madīnah after the Conquest. (3) It is recommended that a person not bequeath more than one-third of his legacy to charity. Some scholars prefer even less than this amount since the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, said, “... and one-third is a lot.”
